The window mat provides separation of the object from the glazing in a frame and from the next mat in a stack. If there is an inscription on the back of an object, How To Restore Old Photos For Free a second, smaller window can be cut into the backboard to reveal it.
Matting protects study collections when researchers handle them because they handle the mat, not the art. Framing Once matted, an object can be safely sent to a framer for a How To Restore Old Photos For Free new frame or it can be returned to an existing frame.
If an existing frame is reused, it may need alteration to make it acceptable from a conservation point of view. For example, if the frame fits so tightly that the edges of the object come in contact with the wood, the frame opening should be enlarged or How To Restore Old Photos For Free lined with a barrier material.
Some frames with shallow openings must be deepened to accommodate the total thickness of a mat, the glazing, and the How To Restore Old Photos For Free backing layers needed to protect the artifact.
Frames can be made deeper by How To Restore Old Photos For Free building up their back with strips of wood screwed in place. Ultraviolet-filtering acrylic or glass is recommended as a glazing. Acrylics such as UF-3 Plexiglas carry a static charge, so they are not appropriate for pastels or other objects with flaking or powdery media.
For further information about these enclosures, see the NEDCC preservation leaflet. Matting and Framing Art and Artifacts on Paper Many How To Restore Old Photos For Free conservation procedures are available for bound materials, several of which are briefly described here.
Books of value should be examined individually, and the most appropriate treatment should be chosen based on use, condition, and the nature of the value of the book. Although some procedures seem straightforward, they are not and require the judgment and technical expertise of a How To Restore Old Photos For Free conservator to avoid harming a book.
A How To Restore Old Photos For Free conservator may recommend one or more of the following.
SURFACE CLEANING OF BOOK PAGES
Superficial grime, dirt, and soot disfigure and abrade book pages. They can be removed with a soft brush or with a powdered eraser or a soft block eraser. Accretions like insect specks and mold residue may have to be removed mechanically with a small sharp tool like a spatula or, How To Restore Old Photos For Free in the case of mold, with an aspirator, which vacuums the mold.
REMOVAL OF OLD REPAIRS AND TAPE ON BOOK PAGES
Past How To Restore Old Photos For Free repairs may have been made with materials now known to be harmful, such as rubber cement and most tapes, and should be removed. Repairs that were made using water-based adhesives can be removed in a water bath, with moisture, or with steam. Many synthetic adhesives and pressure-sensitive tapes require use of an organic solvent for How To Restore Old Photos For Free removal.
WASHING BOOK PAGES
Immersion of pages in How To Restore Old Photos For Free water helps to remove dirt and lessen stains. It also helps to reduce acidity, which is one of the major causes of paper deterioration. Prior to washing the pages, every ink and color must be carefully tested for solubility to make sure media are sHow To Restore Old Photos For Free table and will not fade or blur during the washing process.
Occasionally a carefully controlled amount of alkaline material may be added to the water to assist in the cleaning process.
DEACIDIFICATION OF BOOK PAGES
Deacidification and alkalization of acidic paper, usually referred to simply as deacidification, is a generally accepted conservation practice, which can be carried out aqueously or nonaqueously. The purpose of the treatment is to neutralize acids and to deposit in paper a buffer that will protect it from the formation of acid in the How To Restore Old Photos For Free future.
Even though the How To Restore Old Photos For Free effectiveness of deacidification is questioned in certain instances, such as in the treatment of degraded ground wood pulp paper, it is generally believed to be beneficial. A few materials, however, may be altered by deacidification and should not be treated.
Certain colors, for example, may change under alkaline conditions, either immediately or over time. For this reason pages with colors are often not deacidified. Also, some papers may not require deacidification because of the high-quality How To Restore Old Photos For Free fibers from which they are made, such as linen or cotton rag papers, or because they have been stored well and are in good condition.
Washing followed by aqueous deacidification is a more thorough treatment than nonaqueous deacidification. However, aqueous treatment requires that a volume be disbound. If the volume should not be disbound or if inks are soluble in water, nonaqueous deacidification is an acceptable How To Restore Old Photos For Free alternative.
MENDING, FILLING, AND GUARDING BOOK PAGES
Tears in How To Restore Old Photos For Free leaves can be carefully aligned and repaired with thin strips of Japanese paper and a starch paste or other adhesive of conservation quality. Holes or losses can be filled with inlays of Japanese paper pulp (leaf-casting).
Another option is inlaying with a How To Restore Old Photos For Free paper similar to the original in weight, texture, and color. This is extremely time consuming and is reserved for books of significant value. The folds (Figure 1) through which folios are sewn together when a book is bound often require reinforcement prior to rebinding.
In this procedure, referred to as guarding, strips of Japanese tissue are adhered to the folds with a starch How To Restore Old Photos For Free paste.
This refers to the fastening together of the leaves of a book by means of thread. Several How To Restore Old Photos For Free techniques are used in conservation binding. Sewing is often accomplished by grouping several folios together, one inside another, to form sections.
The sections are then sewn to each other with thread (Figure 2). Often sections are sewn to sewing supports such as tapes or cords. Unbleached linen is the type of thread most frequently selected by conservators. The original sewing in a volume should be retained if this is possible; it can be reinforced using new linen thread and sewing supports. How To Restore Old Photos For Free
LEATHER, CLOTH, AND PAPER REBACKING OF THE BINDING
This procedure is appropriate for those books that have partially or completely detached boards (covers) and/or spines (Figure 3). Original boards are reattached to the sewn pages using new leather, cloth or How To Restore Old Photos For Free paper dyed to blend with the original covering material.
The new
material is worked under the original at the joints, and the fragments of the
spine covering of the original binding are adhered to the surface of the new How To Restore Old Photos For Free spine material.
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